A chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to convergent plate boundaries and powerful earthquakes are common along these boundaries. Tectonic plates or huge slabs of solid rocks separate, collide, and slide past each other causing earthquakes, feeding. Propelled by intense heat simmering beneath the crust or the propelled by intense heat simmering beneath the crust or the mantle, earths surface is dramatically reshaping itself in an endless, slow motion movement called plate tectonics. When two blocks slide horizontally, its strikeslip. We call that part of the mantle asthenosphere, to indicate that it is a weak zone, that decouples the plate from the overlying mantle actually, there is undoubtedly some drag forces that act between the two, but the lithosphere can move independently of the deeper mantle.
Sep 16, 2017 the earth has 70,000 km of continuous volcanoes under the ocean. Label the bottom tab transform and draw the plate movements here lift the tab. Tcss earth systems unit 2 plate tectonics information georgia performance standards. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth move and deform. In this worksheet, students fill out information about the three types of plate boundaries. The plate tectonics mapping activity allows students to easily begin to identify basic tectonic processes on a global scale. At convergent plate boundaries, oceanic crust is often forced down into the mantle where it begins to melt. A pdf guide to plate tectonics and earthquakes is also available. The theory of plate tectonics was advanced in the 1960s and 1970s to generate new information about the earths ancient magnetism, the nature of the ocean floor, the flow of heat from the earths interior, and earthquake and volcanic distribution with the main aim of explaining how the earth works. The earths crust is divided into plates which are moved in. Students participate in a jigsaw activity to learn about types of plate boundaries, becoming an expert in one of five global datasets earthquakes, volcanoes, seafloor age, topography, and gravity and then sharing their expertise to build connections between the different datasets. Distinguish among types of plate tectonic settings produced by plates diverging, converging, and sliding past each other.
Six of the majors are named for the continents embedded within them, such as the north american, african, and. Geologists recognize three major types of plate boundaries based. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. There are many different categories or disciplines that make up the science of geology. Most movement occurs along narrow zones between plates, plate boundaries, where the results of plate tectonic forces are most evident.
The earth is the only planet known to currently have plate tectonics. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plate boundaries which subsequently create midocean ridges. Using easytodraw illustrations to teach about plate. The theory of plate tectonics all pieces of the earths lithosphere are in slow, constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. Because plates pull apart from each other at divergent plates, lava spews out to create the youngest geological rocks on earth another example of a divergent plate is at the african major plate where its in the process of rifting apart into two. The earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the solid central core, the fluid peripheral core, the viscous mantle, and the solid. Students will understand how plate tectonics creates certain geologic features, materials, and hazards. Well, if the plates are rubbing against each other, then old rock will be pushed away from the plate boundary, while the new, younger rock replaces it. Since the theory of plate tectonics was first introduced, how far has the tectonic plate were standing on moved.
Oceanic plate op vs continental cp or oceanic plate how is it formed. Through progression within the activities and from one activity to the next, these concepts will be locally applied to the types of plate boundaries and associated. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the earths lithosphere is broken into distinct plates which are. These convergent boundaries also occur where a plate of ocean dives, in a process called subduction, under a landmass. Divergent boundaries where new crust is generated as the plates pull away or separates from each other. Plate tectonics, theory dealing with the dynamics of earths outer shell that revolutionized earth sciences by providing a uniform context for understanding mountainbuilding processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes as well as the evolution of earths surface and reconstructing its past continents and oceans.
To understand plate tectonics, the different ways of classifying the layers of the earthby composition and by mechanical behaviormust be kept in mind. Ngss msess23 plate tectonics worksheet with answer keyworksheet. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics. Divergent occurs when two tectonic plates move away from the other. What are the different types of plate tectonic boundaries. Continental drift, seafloor spreading, and plate tectonics. The earth has 70,000 km of continuous volcanoes under the ocean. The process of drawing a picture involves students much more deeply than reading or discussion. This is a revised version cleaning up the graphics and the scriptnarration. We call that part of the mantle asthenosphere, to indicate that it is a weak zone, that decouples the plate from the overlying mantle actually, there is undoubtedly some drag forces that act between the two, but the lithosphere can move independently of the deeper.
Plate tectonics summary the earth is made up of 3 main layers core, mantle, crust on the surface of the earth are tectonic plates that slowly move around the globe plates are made of crust and upper mantle lithosphere there are 2 types of plate there are 3 types of plate boundaries volcanoes and earthquakes are closely. The earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the. Types and principles of plate tectonics boundaries earth. Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries such as the oceanic ridge system that separates the north american and eurasian plates in the north atlantic ocean. Continental plates tend to be larger than oceanic and bear the majority of a continents mass. This guide is an outline of the plate tectonic and earthquake seismology powerpoint presentations. A processbased approach to structural geology and tectonics for collegelevel geosciences degree students. The point where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. This image shows the three main types of plate boundaries. As plates move, the new crust gradually moves away from the ridge.
As plates move, they collide, pull apart, or grind past each other producing things such as volcanoes, mountain ranges, and deep ocean trenches. Tcss earth systems unit 2 plate tectonics information. Download pdf versiondownload doc versiondownload the. The mantle contains hot molten rock magma heated by energy from the earths core. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the earth. Three types of localized plate boundaries form the interconnected. Continental and oceanic are the two types of tectonic plates. Mapping world plates helps students connect topography, earthquakes, volcanoes, and plates. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the crust, the outer shell of the earth. Continental plates tend to be much thicker on average, but less dense. Plate tectonics, the study of such relative motions and their consequences, allows relating surface, geological and geophysical structures with quantified. Plate tectonics information and facts national geographic.
The theory of plate tectonics key concepts what is the theory of plate tectonics. Using easytodraw illustrations to teach about plate tectoncis. Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of. You will recall from a previous chapter that there are three major layers crust, mantle, core within the earth that are. Frank taylor first proposed this idea in 1910, alexander du toit later in 1937, harry hess explored the geomorphology of the seafloor by ship in 1960s. The layer beneath the lithosphere is the weak, soft asthenosphere, which is roughly 300 to 400 km thick. Pdf to understand how plate tectonics became earths dominant mode.
The theory of plate tectonics wenatchee valley college. Plates crash into each other along convergent plate boundaries marked by volcanoes and mountain belts. The earths lithosphere, which includes the crust and upper mantle, is made up of a series of pieces, or tectonic plates, that move slowly over time. A transform plate boundary occurs when two plates slide past each other. For each boundary, students must figure out what happens to the plates, what landforms are produced, and whether earthquakes are created. These activities include material associated with the concept of plate tectonics on a global scale and related plate boundaries using the depth and location of associated earthquakes. Symbols white arrows show plate motion direction volcanoes generalized hot spot. See full notes in pdf click here composite volcanoes made up of alternating layers of lava and ash and containing sticky lava which doesnt flow very far e. Students or groups will then use the types of plate boundaries map identification directions and the map key to label the various types of plate boundaries. Plume and plate tectonics on early earth article pdf available in american journal of science 31010. Plate tectonics, theory dealing with the dynamics of earths outer shell that revolutionized earth sciences by providing a uniform context for understanding mountainbuilding processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes as well as the evolution of earths surface. Introduction to plate tectonics penn state earthquake.
Because plates pull apart from each other at divergent plates, lava spews out to create the youngest geological rocks on earth. I deleted the original version, which had 17,110 views, 4 comments, 81 thumbs ups. Reading strategy comparing and contrasting after you read, compare the three types of plate boundaries by completing the table. As the overlying plate lifts up, it also forms mountain ranges. Plate tectonics describes the distribution and motion of the plates. The earths crust is made up of seven main tectonic plates and numerous smaller plates. Plate boundary movements and their results foldable. Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries such as the oceanic ridge system that separates. The three types of plate movement are divergent, convergent and transform plate boundaries. Pdf plate tectonics, our major paradigm for how the earth works, was established in the 1960ies. In 1967, mckenzie and parker suggested the theory of plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics is a recent development in the geological sciences.
The key principle of plate tectonics is that the lithosphere exists as separate and distinct tectonic plates. There are a few handfuls of major plates and dozens of smaller, or minor, plates. Tectonic plates are sections of the earths solid crust that float on top of the mantle. Different plate boundaries create different landforms and events landform. Read and download ebook gizmo answers for plate tectonics pdf at public ebook library gizmo answers for plate tectonics pdf download. Disasters inside earth geologic timeline plate tectonics land surface milestone events weathering, erosion and soils. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur either on or near plate boundaries. As plates move, they collide, pull apart, or grind past each other producing things such. Types of plate boundaries map identification activity. Tectonic plates are enormous sections of rock that make up the earths crust. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the. You will recall from a previous chapter that there are three. Students or groups will first lightly shade in each tectonic plate using different colors if possible for each plate.
The key principle of plate tectonics is that the lithosphere exists as separate and distinct tectonic plates, which ride on the. What are the 2 types of crust found on earths surface. Plasienka geological institute, slovak academy of sciences, slovakia keywords. Explain the concept of plate tectonics, including types of plate boundaries, the characteristics of typical boundaries, and the variability seen in boundary types interpret the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes on the earth. The structure of the earth, plate tectonics and landforms. Teaching plate tectonics with easytodraw illustrations next time you teach plate tectonics, consider a drawwithme presentation that will engage your students and help them understand the spatial and movement aspects of plate boundary environments. Plate tectonics, our major paradigm for how the earth works, was established in the 1960ies following decades of observational research that culminated in key discoveries such as geomagnetic. As the more dense oceanic plate op subducts under the less dense plate cp or op, it pulls the front edge. The theory of plate tectonics grew out of earlier hypotheses and observations collected during exploration of the rocks of the ocean floor. Keep in mind that you will find the book in this site. Magma rises into and through the other plate, solidifying into granite, the rock that makes up the. The oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate at a subduction zone, creating a deep ocean trench. The earths plates move in different directions plates behave differently at different plate boundaries.
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